Aqueous chlorine reacts with certain organic materials present in water sources to form trihalomethanes (THMs). Long-term exposure to these harmful byproducts of disinfection has been linked to an increased risk of cancer and infant birth delivery problems. It is estimated that THMs in drinking water are responsible for as many as 2-17 percent of the bladder cancers diagnosed each year in the United States. To protect the public, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established a maximum contaminant level of 0.08 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for THMs. To conform to these regulations, many municipal water supplies have switched to an alternative method of disinfection using chloramination; more than 1 in 5 Americans uses drinking water treated with chloramines. Chloramination involves the addition of anhydrous or aqueous ammonia (NH 3 ) before or after the addition of chlorine (HOCl) to produce monochloramine (NH 2 Cl). This reaction is as follows: N...
PFOA and PFOS are fluorinated organic chemicals that are part of a larger group of chemicals referred to as perfluoroalky substances(PFASs). PFOA and PFOS have been most extensively produced and studied of these chemicals. They have been used to make carpets, clothing, fabrics for furniture, paper packaging for foods and other materials (cookware) that are resistance to water, grease or stains. They are also used for firefighting at air fields and in a number of industries processes. Because these chemicals have been used in a array of consumer products, most people have been exposed to them. Between 2000 and 2002, PFOS was voluntarily phased out of production in the U.S. by its primary manufacture. In 2006, eight major companies voluntarily agreed to phase out their global production of POFA and PFOA-related chemicals, although there are limited number of ongoing uses. Scientists have found PFOA and PFOS in the blood of ...
There are several fairly Common Water Conditions present that Affect our Homes and Lives! Hard Water is the most Common Contaminate. Usually represented as Grains per Gallon. At 6 -7gpg and above, this will cause the formation of Mineral Scale build up on Plumbing Fixtures, Shower Walls and Enclosures, Spotting on Glassware, Silverware, and Dish's, Dingy Stiff Laundry, Stiff Dry Hair and Itchy Skin, and Heavy Soap Scum build up in Sinks and Tubs. Also when you Heat Hard Water, the Hardness Precipitates out of the Water. It Recrystalizes on the bottom of your Water Heater and will Scale the Heat Exchanger of your Boiler and Tankless Water Heaters causing Premature Failure! Hard Water has a Monetary effect on a Home. By Treating Hard Water you will: Reduce the Harsh Chemicals needed For Cleaning, Reduce All Soaps and Detergents by 50 -75%, Clothing will Retain their Bright Colors and Last 15 -20% Longer, and Appliances such as Dish Washers, Clothes Washers, and Wate...
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